Scion AN0085 – Extended Analysis of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids
Introduction
Natural
gas analysis commonly involves the quantification of nitrogen, carbon dioxide
and C1 through C5 hydrocarbons as individual components, while C6 and heavier
hydrocarbons are combined and measured as a single peak (C6+). Extending the
analysis to obtain the compositional breakdown of the C6+ group can provide
valuable information, particularly for rich gas samples (those higher in
heavier end components).
The system described here is designed for the extended analysis of natural gas and natural gas liquids (gases liquefied under pressure) up to C16 or higher. It provides the requirements of GPA methods 2286 (gas) and 2186 (liquids).
It
also includes the determination of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide in addition to
the above mentioned components. The light gases including hydrogen sulfide are
separated isothermally using packed columns and measured with the thermal
conductivity detector (TCD). Hydrocarbons, methane through heavy end
components, are separated with a capillary column using temperature programming
and are measured using a flame ionization detector (FID).
Figure 1: Flow diagram Natural Gas System C
Experimental
As illustrated in Figure 1, for the analysis of natural gas (GPA method 2286), the 14-port valve (V1) provides simultaneous sample injection into each of the three columns. Two of these flow directly into molecular sieve and porous polymer columns, the other via a splitter injector into a capillary column.
Initially,
the molecular sieve is selected by valve V2 to separate oxygen and nitrogen,
which are measured by the TCD. Elution of the sample components from the porous
polymer column is delayed by means of an empty tube to allow time for elution
of nitrogen from the molecular sieve. After nitrogen elution, valve V2 is
switched direct to the porous polymer effluent to the detector, for measurement
of nitrogen (plus oxygen if present), methane, carbon dioxide, ethane and
hydrogen sulfide. This also causes the molecular sieve to be backflushed to
vent to remove the heavier components.
Figure 2: Permanent gases on TCD channel
The
packed column separations are completed in about 7 min. Temperature programming
is started at 6 min. to elute the heavier hydrocarbons from the capillary
column. The heavier hydrocarbons in the porous polymer are also eluted during
the temperature programming, without measurement, so this column is ready for
the next analysis as soon as the current analysis is completed.
Figure 3: Extended hydrocarbon analysis on FID channel
The
TCD-channel chromatogram is shown in Figure 2, while the FID chromatogram is
shown in Figure 3. Since all components are measured from what is effectively a
single injection, a simple calculation provides full quantitative information
without the need for “bridge” components.
Available Options
The Natural Gas system C hardware can be upgraded with a number of options:
For natural gas liquids (GPA Method 2186), an optional 8-port dual liquid sampling valve can be installed. This injects simultaneously two samples, one into the porous polymer, the other into the capillary column. The molecular sieve column is not used since oxygen/nitrogen separation is not needed on liquefied samples.
In
those cases where the Helium and-/or Hydrogen content needs to be quantified
too, an additional packed column channel can be added. This consists of another
Injection+Backflush valve, packed columns and TCD operated with nitrogen
carriergas. See figure 4 below.
Figure 4: Helium and Hydrogen analysis on TCD channel
Instead of adding a He/H2 channel *) a dedicated low sulfur channel can be added too.
This channel consists of a GSV, S/SL or mini gassplitter, capillary column and PFPD or SCD detector.
This channel can provide detailed information about the content of hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl sulphide and mercaptans. See figure 5 below.
*) NOTE: A
SCION Gaschromatograph can accommodate maximum 3 detectors. So, only
one additional channel can be added.
Figure 5: Sulfur components in Natural gas by means of PFPD
Detector sensitivities easily exceed the requirements of current natural gas methodologies.
Also, the chromatogram clearly indicates that hydrogen sulfide is detectable down to well below 100 ppm on the TCD and below 1 ppm on the extra channel with PFPD.
Figure
6: Scion 456 GC
Software
The
dedicated Natural Gas Reporting Tool is a powerful plug-in software package in
the SCION CompassCDS which allow calculations according all common standards.
The report can be customized according the users’ wishes.
Conclusion
The
obtained results demonstrate that this Scion Instruments Natural Gas C analyser
passes the criteria set forth in the relevant methods. The analyser is not only
robust, but also flexible. Additional channels, like for instance a sulfur
channel, are available to meet your requirements.
Download Application Note
Download
the complete Application Note: Extended
Analysis of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids
CompassCDS
In this application the SCION CompassCDS was used to conduct this research. Find out more about the SCION CompassCDS.
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